Course Objectives by Chapter Title
Chemical Foundations
After completing
this chapter, you should be able to:
List and define each of the major steps in the scientific method
Identify the limitations of the scientific method
List the fundamental SI units of measurement.
List important SI prefixes.
Differentiate between fundamental and derived units
Define accuracy and precision.
Determine if a set of measurements is accurate and/or precise.
Determine the number of significant figures in a single value.
Calculate results of mathematical expressions to the proper number of significant figures.
Convert between English and metric units.
Convert values from one prefix to another.
Interconvert among Fahrenheit, Celsius and Kelvin temperatures.
State the freezing and boiling points of water on all temperature scales.
Perform density calculations.
Define the following terms: Matter, Solid, Liquid, Gas, Mixture, Homogeneous, Heterogeneous, Physical change, Chemical change, Compound, Element.
Describe the following techniques: Filtration, Distillation, Chromatography.
After
completing this chapter, you should be able to:
To uses the following: The Law of Conservation of Mass, The Law of Definite Proportions, The Law of Multiple Proportions
To select those ideas in Dalton’s atomic theory that apply to specific chemical reactions.
Describe the following scientist’s experiments and their conclusions: Thomson, Millikan, Rutherford
Assign the correct number of protons, neutrons, and electrons to an atom.
Write the symbol for an atom
Do the previous operations for an isotope of an atom
Determine if a species is an atom, molecule or ion
Determine the charge, the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in monatomic ions
Define the following: Covalent bond, Molecule, Chemical formula, Structural formula , Ion, Cation, Anion, Ionic bond, Polyatomic ion
Determine if an atom is a metal, metalloid or nonmetal
Know the common group names
Describe properties of several groups
Groups go down and periods go across
Name and write formulas for the
following: Binary salts, Salts with polyatomic ions, Binary covalent
compounds, Acids
After
completing this chapter, you should be able to:
Calculate average atomic masses from isotopic data
Calculate relative isotopic abundances from pertinent mass spectral data.
Interconvert between moles molecules, mass and the number of particles of any given element.
Calculate molar masses
Inter convert between moles molecules, mass and the number of particles of any given sample.
Calculate the mass percent of each element in a compound
Determine the empirical formula of a compound
Determine the molecular formula of a compound
State the meaning of each part of a chemical reaction
State the variety of different relationships that are inferred from a chemical equation.
Balance chemical equations
Calculate the amount of products obtained from a given amount of reactant
Calculate the amount of reactant required to generate a desired amount of product
Identify the limiting reactant
Solve problems involving limiting reactants
Calculate percent yield of a product
Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Chemistry
After completing this chapter, you should be able to:
State why water acts as a common solvent
Draw the structure of water, including partial charges
Write equations for the dissolution of some ionic salts in water
Classify many substances as strong or weak electrolytes or as nonelectrolytes
Define: Solvent, Solute
Determine the molarity of a solution
Calculate the molarity of each ion in a solution
Determine the mass and/or volume of reagents necessary to prepare a solution of given molarity
Solve problems related to dilution
Solve problems involving parts per million
Classify a reaction into the following groups: Precipitation, Acid-Base, Oxidation-reduction
Predict the products of many reactions that occur in solution
Know the solubility rules for salts
Write molecular, ionic and net ionic equations to describe reactions in solutions
Solve problems involving the formation of precipitates
Solve problems involving acid and bases
Assign oxidation numbers
Define oxidation and reduction
Balance redox reactions using the half reaction method in acidic and basic solutions
After
completing this chapter, you should be able to:
Define “pressure”
State how pressure is different from force
Convert between various units of pressure
State and use the following: Boyle's Law, Charles’s Law’s , Avogadro’s Law, Combined Gas Law
Solve a variety of problems relating to the ideal gas law
Define STP conditions
Do a variety of calculations regarding molar mass, density, and stoichiometry of gases
Solve a variety of problems relating to partial pressure, mole fraction, and total pressure
Use the basic assumption of the kinetic molecular theory to: Define temperature, Calculate the root mean square velocity
Calculate relative rates of effusion from molar masses and vice-versa
Describe why and how gases deviate from ideal behavior
Solve problems relating to the extent of the deviation
After completing this chapter, you should be able to:
Solve problems relating to work in terms of pressure and volume
Solve problems relating to the first law of thermodynamics
Define the following: Thermodynamics, Energy, Kinetic energy, Potential energy, Heat, Work, State function, System, Surroundings, Exothermic, Endothermic
Solve problems relating to both enthalpy and calorimetry
Use Hess’s Law to calculate enthalpy changes for a variety of reactions
Use your knowledge of standard states and standard enthalpies of formation to calculate DH for a variety of reactions
Atomic Structure and Periodicity
After completing this chapter, you should be able to:
List the regions of the electromagnetic spectrum
State the relationship between the wavelength and frequency of a given region
Convert between wavelength and frequency
Solve problems relating to the interconversion between energy, wavelength, and frequency
Solve problems relating to the deBroglie equation
Relate the atomic spectrum of hydrogen to the energy levels
Define: Line (emission) spectrum, Continuous spectrum, Absorption spectrum
Calculate the energies or associated wavelengths corresponding to electron transitions in the hydrogen atom using the Bohr model
Describe the basic terms and ideas in the quantum mechanical model of the atom
State the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
Describe the principle quantum numbers n, l, and m
Describe which values for these numbers are valid for a variety of problems
Describe what an orbital represents
Identify a node
Identify how many nodes are in an orbital
Draw the shapes of the sublevels
Define the ground and excited states of an atom
Describe the differences in energy levels between orbitals
Describe what the ms quantum number means
Describe the Pauli Exclusion Theory and what it means to atomic structure
Define polyelectron atoms
Discuss the original basis for the Periodic Table
List the properties Mendeleev used to predict the discovery of atoms
Write electron configurations using both the “conventional” (long-hand) form and the core element and valence electron (shorthand) form
Determine electron configurations based on position in the periodic table