Vocabulary

Angular acceleration - The rate of change of the angular velocity.

Angular momentum - The product on the moment of inertia and angular velocity.

Angular position - Then angle through which a rigid body has rotated from a standard position.

Angular velocity - The rate of change of the angular position.

Beats - Sounds that can be heard when two slightly different frequencies of sound interfere with each other.

Concave mirror - A curved mirror where the silvered side is located on the inside of the curve.

Constructive interference - When two waves pass through each other and reinforce the vibrations (add together).

Converging lens - lens that is thicker in the middle than on the edges and bends light rays together as they pass through the lens.

Convex mirror - A curved mirror where the silvered side is located on the outside of the curve.

Destructive interference - When two waves pass through each other and reduce the vibrations (subtract).

Diverging lens - lens that is thicker on the edges than in the middle and spreads light rays apart as they pass through the lens.

Doppler effect - The apparent change in frequency due to the motion of either the source of the vibration or the observer of the vibration.

Electromagnetic spectrum - The range of frequencies that make up natural radiation.

Electromagnetic waves - Transverse waves with both an electric and magnetic characteristics (visible light).

Index of refraction - The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a transparent material.

Intensity - the loudness of a sound wave which is related to the amplitude of the vibration.

Intensity Level - A logarithmic scale based on the threshold of audible sound (decibels)

Law of reflection - The angle of incidence must equal the angle of reflection.

Light rays - A line that represents the direction of motion of vibration of electromagnetic radiation.

Longitudinal wave - A wave where the oscillations are parallel to the direction in which the wave is traveling.

Moment of inertia - The rotational inertia of the object which is given by the equation, Smr² for all points of the object.

Plane mirror - A mirror that is not curved and obeys the laws of reflection.

Refraction - The bending of a wave as it passes from one medium into another.

Rotational kinetic energy - The energy possessed by an object due to its rotational motion.

Standing Waves - Are produced when a wave seems to be stationary rather than moving.  This is a resonance property.

Static equilibrium - The condition where all forces and torques applied to an object balance.  Summation of eqch equals zero.

Torque - The product of the force applied to a rigid object times the lever arm (perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force and the axis of rotation).

Total internal reflection - When light can not escape from a more dense medium into a less dense medium because of changes in refraction indices.

Transverse wave - A wave where the oscillations are perpendicular to the direction in which the wave is traveling.

Wave fronts - The movement of the crests of a wave through a medium.

Wavelength - The distance between to successive waves.